What is Secondhand Trauma?

By /

Understanding Secondary Traumatic Stress

What is secondhand trauma? If you are repeatedly exposed to particularly distressing details of the trauma experienced by others, you may experience secondary trauma, also known as secondhand trauma or indirect trauma. This condition can occur after only one exposure to the trauma experienced by someone else, and it can lead to secondary traumatic stress (STS) disorder, which refers to experiencing a trauma response even though you didn’t experience the trauma directly yourself.

soldier experiencing Secondhand Trauma with all the violence he had seen

Secondary traumatic stress can manifest in a number of symptoms ranging in level of severity, from headaches, stress eating or loss of appetite to chronic exhaustion and paranoia. It is important to note that secondary trauma is not the same as burnout, which is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress.

Secondary trauma can affect anyone who has regular contact with trauma survivors, including healthcare professionals, first responders, therapists, and social workers. It can also affect family members and friends of trauma survivors who provide care and support.

It is important to recognize the signs of secondary trauma and take steps to cope with it. Some coping strategies include seeking support from colleagues, friends, and family, practicing self-care, setting boundaries, and seeking professional help if necessary.

What Causes and Triggers Secondhand Trauma?

Repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to secondhand trauma. As a result, individuals who work in fields such as healthcare, social work, and emergency services are at a higher risk. Listening to traumatic stories, witnessing violence or abuse, and working with trauma survivors can all contribute to secondhand trauma.

The trauma exposure response can also trigger secondhand trauma. This response occurs when an individual experiences a first-hand trauma and can include symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and hypervigilance. When exposed to these symptoms in others, it can trigger a similar response in the listener, leading to secondhand trauma.

Other factors that can contribute to secondhand trauma include personal history of trauma, lack of self-care, and inadequate support from colleagues or supervisors. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of secondhand trauma and take steps to prevent it.

If you work in a field that exposes you to traumatic events, it is important to prioritize self-care. This can include taking breaks, seeking support from colleagues or a therapist, and engaging in activities that bring you joy. By taking care of yourself, you can better serve those who rely on you for support.

Identifying Secondhand Trauma

Are you someone who has been exposed to traumatic events through your work or personal relationships? Do you find yourself experiencing symptoms of trauma even though you were not directly involved in the event? This could be a sign of secondhand trauma, also known as secondary traumatic stress (STS).

Symptomology of secondhand trauma can manifest in a variety of ways. You may experience hypervigilance, where you are constantly on edge and alert for potential danger. Alternatively, you may find yourself deliberately avoiding situations or people that remind you of the traumatic event. Chronic exhaustion, nightmares, and dissociative moments are also common symptoms.

It is important to note that those experiencing secondhand trauma may minimize their own experiences and feelings, leading to a sense of persecution and isolation. Numbing, or feeling emotionally detached, can also occur.

Physical Symptoms

  • Pain: You may experience physical pain, such as headaches, body aches, or stomachaches. These symptoms may be caused by stress or tension.
  • Fatigue: You may feel tired or exhausted, even if you have had enough sleep.
  • Physical Ailments: You may experience physical symptoms, such as a weakened immune system or high blood pressure, due to the chronic stress of secondhand trauma.

Emotional Symptoms

  • Fear: You may feel scared or anxious, especially when you are exposed to reminders of the traumatic event.
  • Guilt: You may feel guilty or responsible for the traumatic event, even if you had no control over it.
  • Anger: You may feel angry or irritable, especially if you feel that the traumatic event was preventable.
  • Cynicism: You may feel cynical or distrustful of others, especially if you feel that they do not understand the impact of the traumatic event.
  • Emotional Numbing: You may feel emotionally numb or detached, especially if you have been exposed to multiple traumatic events.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek help and support. Sabino Recovery, one of the best PTSD treatment centers in the United States, offers specialized care for those experiencing secondhand trauma. With a focus on holistic, evidence-based treatment, Sabino Recovery can help you identify and address the root causes of your trauma, and develop coping strategies to manage your symptoms.

Remember, you are not alone. Seeking help is a sign of strength and resilience.

Who is at Risk of Secondhand Trauma?

If you work in a profession where you are regularly exposed to people who have experienced trauma, you may be at risk of developing secondhand trauma. This can include first responders, therapists, counselors, social workers, nurses, physicians, teachers, mental health professionals, clinicians, and psychologists.

For example, first responders who frequently respond to traumatic events such as car accidents, violent crimes, or natural disasters are at risk of developing secondhand trauma. Similarly, therapists and counselors who work with clients who have experienced trauma may also be at risk.

Social workers who work with children who have been abused or neglected, or nurses and physicians who work in emergency rooms or intensive care units where they see patients with severe injuries or illnesses, may also be at risk of developing secondhand trauma.

Teachers who work with students who have experienced trauma, mental health professionals who work with veterans or individuals who have experienced sexual assault, and clinicians who work with individuals who have experienced domestic violence may also be at risk.

How does Secondhand Trauma Affect Your Personal Relationships?

When you experience secondhand trauma, it can have a significant impact on your personal relationships with family, friends, or intimate partners. Witnessing or hearing about traumatic events can be overwhelming, and it can be challenging to navigate how to cope with these emotions.

One of the most common effects of secondhand trauma is a change in communication patterns. You may feel like you are not able to express your emotions or thoughts clearly, which can lead to misunderstandings with loved ones. Additionally, you may find yourself avoiding certain topics or situations that trigger your trauma, leading to a lack of intimacy and connection with your partner.

Children can also be affected by secondhand trauma, especially if they witness or hear about traumatic events. They may experience behavioral changes, such as increased anxiety, aggression, or withdrawal. It is essential to provide a safe and supportive environment for children to express their feelings and emotions.

The emotional toll of secondhand trauma can also lead to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, which can further impact personal relationships. It is crucial to seek support from loved ones or a mental health professional to help you navigate these emotions and maintain healthy relationships.

If you are struggling with secondhand trauma, Sabino Recovery can provide you with the resources and support you need to heal and move forward. Our trauma-focused therapy and holistic approach can help you regain control of your life and strengthen your personal relationships.

How does Social Media Contribute to Secondhand Trauma?

Social media is a ubiquitous presence in our daily lives, and it can have a significant impact on our mental health. When it comes to secondhand trauma, social media can be a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can provide a platform for people to share their experiences and raise awareness about traumatic events. On the other hand, it can also expose us to graphic and disturbing content that can trigger feelings of anxiety, fear, and helplessness.

One of the most significant risks of social media is the potential for exposure to secondhand stress. This occurs when we are exposed to the stress of others through social media, news outlets, or other forms of media. The constant barrage of negative news and traumatic events can take a toll on our mental health, leading to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.

It’s important to be mindful of the content that you consume on social media and the impact it can have on your mental health. If you find that certain accounts or pages are triggering feelings of stress or anxiety, it may be time to unfollow or limit your exposure to them. Taking breaks from social media altogether can also be helpful in reducing the risk of secondhand trauma.

Professional Challenges and Risks of Secondhand Trauma

As a professional working in a role that involves exposure to trauma, it is essential to understand the potential risks and challenges that come with it. Here are some of the key challenges and risks associated with secondhand trauma:

Vicarious Trauma

Vicarious trauma is a type of trauma that occurs when a person is exposed to the traumatic experiences of others, such as clients, patients, or colleagues. This can lead to symptoms similar to those experienced by individuals who have directly experienced trauma, including flashbacks, nightmares, and anxiety.

Compassion Fatigue

Compassion fatigue is a type of burnout that occurs when a person becomes emotionally exhausted from providing care and support to others. This can lead to feelings of numbness, detachment, and a reduced ability to empathize with others.

Occupational Hazard

Working in a profession that involves exposure to trauma can be an occupational hazard. This can lead to physical and emotional exhaustion, as well as an increased risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Inability to Listen and Empathize

Exposure to trauma can also lead to an inability to listen and empathize with others. This can make it difficult to provide effective care and support to those who are experiencing trauma, and can also lead to feelings of frustration and burnout.

How can you cope with secondhand trauma?

When you are exposed to the trauma of others, it can be challenging to manage the emotional and psychological impact it can have on you. Coping mechanisms and self-care practices can be effective in reducing the symptoms of secondary trauma.

One of the most important things you can do is to take care of yourself. Make sure you are getting enough rest and relaxation, and spending time in nature. Regular exercise can also be helpful in reducing stress and promoting resilience.

Creative expression can also be a powerful tool in coping with secondary trauma. Writing, painting, or other forms of artistic expression can help you process your emotions and find meaning in the work you do.

Another important aspect of self-care is setting boundaries. Make sure you are not taking on more than you can handle, and that you are taking breaks when you need them. It is also essential to have a support system in place, whether it’s friends, family, or colleagues who understand the work you do and can offer emotional support when needed.

If you are struggling with secondary trauma, it may be helpful to seek professional help. Therapy can be an effective way to process your emotions and develop coping strategies that work for you.

Regardless of the coping mechanisms you choose, remember that self-care is essential when working with trauma survivors. By taking care of yourself, you can continue to do the important work of helping others.

Treatment and Resources for Secondhand Trauma

If you are experiencing secondhand trauma, it is important to seek professional help. There are various treatment options available to help you cope with the symptoms associated with secondhand trauma. Here are some of the treatment and resources available to you:

Staff care is a program that provides support and resources to staff members who have been exposed to traumatic events. This program helps staff members manage their own emotional and physical well-being, which in turn helps them provide better care to their clients.

Professional training is a program that helps professionals who work with trauma survivors develop the skills they need to provide effective care. This training can help professionals better understand the impact of trauma on individuals and communities, and how to provide appropriate support.

Counseling resources are programs that provide counseling services to individuals who have experienced trauma. These resources can help you manage the symptoms associated with secondhand trauma, such as anxiety, depression, and stress.

Psychological services are programs that provide psychological evaluations and treatment to individuals who have experienced trauma. These services can help you manage the symptoms associated with secondhand trauma, and develop coping skills to help you better manage stress.

The Crisis Text Line is a 24/7 text-based crisis intervention service that provides support to individuals experiencing emotional distress. This service can be helpful if you need immediate support, or if you are unable to access other resources.

Remember, seeking professional help is important if you are experiencing secondhand trauma. There are many resources available to help you manage the symptoms associated with secondhand trauma, so don’t hesitate to reach out for help.

How does the American Psychological Association define Secondhand Trauma?

The American Psychological Association (APA) defines secondhand trauma as a response to hearing about the firsthand trauma experiences of others. This trauma can affect individuals who work with or are close to those who have experienced trauma directly. The APA recognizes that this type of trauma can have a significant impact on an individual’s mental health and well-being.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) also acknowledges the impact of secondhand trauma, listing it as a potential cause of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals who have not experienced trauma directly. The DSM recognizes that individuals who are repeatedly exposed to traumatic events may experience symptoms of PTSD, including flashbacks, avoidance, and hyperarousal.

The APA provides resources and support for individuals who may be experiencing secondhand trauma, including training programs for mental health professionals and guidelines for self-care. The organization emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing the impact of secondhand trauma to prevent burnout and promote mental health.

What is Secondhand Trauma?

Aug 6, 2022

Trauma

Shara Turner, LPC, MSC, NCC, NARM

Understanding Secondary Traumatic Stress

What is secondhand trauma? If you are repeatedly exposed to particularly distressing details of the trauma experienced by others, you may experience secondary trauma, also known as secondhand trauma or indirect trauma. This condition can occur after only one exposure to the trauma experienced by someone else, and it can lead to secondary traumatic stress (STS) disorder, which refers to experiencing a trauma response even though you didn't experience the trauma directly yourself.

soldier experiencing Secondhand Trauma with all the violence he had seen

Secondary traumatic stress can manifest in a number of symptoms ranging in level of severity, from headaches, stress eating or loss of appetite to chronic exhaustion and paranoia. It is important to note that secondary trauma is not the same as burnout, which is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress.

Secondary trauma can affect anyone who has regular contact with trauma survivors, including healthcare professionals, first responders, therapists, and social workers. It can also affect family members and friends of trauma survivors who provide care and support.

It is important to recognize the signs of secondary trauma and take steps to cope with it. Some coping strategies include seeking support from colleagues, friends, and family, practicing self-care, setting boundaries, and seeking professional help if necessary.

What Causes and Triggers Secondhand Trauma?

Repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to secondhand trauma. As a result, individuals who work in fields such as healthcare, social work, and emergency services are at a higher risk. Listening to traumatic stories, witnessing violence or abuse, and working with trauma survivors can all contribute to secondhand trauma.

The trauma exposure response can also trigger secondhand trauma. This response occurs when an individual experiences a first-hand trauma and can include symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and hypervigilance. When exposed to these symptoms in others, it can trigger a similar response in the listener, leading to secondhand trauma.

Other factors that can contribute to secondhand trauma include personal history of trauma, lack of self-care, and inadequate support from colleagues or supervisors. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of secondhand trauma and take steps to prevent it.

If you work in a field that exposes you to traumatic events, it is important to prioritize self-care. This can include taking breaks, seeking support from colleagues or a therapist, and engaging in activities that bring you joy. By taking care of yourself, you can better serve those who rely on you for support.

Identifying Secondhand Trauma

Are you someone who has been exposed to traumatic events through your work or personal relationships? Do you find yourself experiencing symptoms of trauma even though you were not directly involved in the event? This could be a sign of secondhand trauma, also known as secondary traumatic stress (STS).

Symptomology of secondhand trauma can manifest in a variety of ways. You may experience hypervigilance, where you are constantly on edge and alert for potential danger. Alternatively, you may find yourself deliberately avoiding situations or people that remind you of the traumatic event. Chronic exhaustion, nightmares, and dissociative moments are also common symptoms.

It is important to note that those experiencing secondhand trauma may minimize their own experiences and feelings, leading to a sense of persecution and isolation. Numbing, or feeling emotionally detached, can also occur.

Physical Symptoms

  • Pain: You may experience physical pain, such as headaches, body aches, or stomachaches. These symptoms may be caused by stress or tension.

  • Fatigue: You may feel tired or exhausted, even if you have had enough sleep.

  • Physical Ailments: You may experience physical symptoms, such as a weakened immune system or high blood pressure, due to the chronic stress of secondhand trauma.

Emotional Symptoms

  • Fear: You may feel scared or anxious, especially when you are exposed to reminders of the traumatic event.

  • Guilt: You may feel guilty or responsible for the traumatic event, even if you had no control over it.

  • Anger: You may feel angry or irritable, especially if you feel that the traumatic event was preventable.

  • Cynicism: You may feel cynical or distrustful of others, especially if you feel that they do not understand the impact of the traumatic event.

  • Emotional Numbing: You may feel emotionally numb or detached, especially if you have been exposed to multiple traumatic events.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek help and support. Sabino Recovery, one of the best PTSD treatment centers in the United States, offers specialized care for those experiencing secondhand trauma. With a focus on holistic, evidence-based treatment, Sabino Recovery can help you identify and address the root causes of your trauma, and develop coping strategies to manage your symptoms.

Remember, you are not alone. Seeking help is a sign of strength and resilience.

Who is at Risk of Secondhand Trauma?

If you work in a profession where you are regularly exposed to people who have experienced trauma, you may be at risk of developing secondhand trauma. This can include first responders, therapists, counselors, social workers, nurses, physicians, teachers, mental health professionals, clinicians, and psychologists.

For example, first responders who frequently respond to traumatic events such as car accidents, violent crimes, or natural disasters are at risk of developing secondhand trauma. Similarly, therapists and counselors who work with clients who have experienced trauma may also be at risk.

Social workers who work with children who have been abused or neglected, or nurses and physicians who work in emergency rooms or intensive care units where they see patients with severe injuries or illnesses, may also be at risk of developing secondhand trauma.

Teachers who work with students who have experienced trauma, mental health professionals who work with veterans or individuals who have experienced sexual assault, and clinicians who work with individuals who have experienced domestic violence may also be at risk.

How does Secondhand Trauma Affect Your Personal Relationships?

When you experience secondhand trauma, it can have a significant impact on your personal relationships with family, friends, or intimate partners. Witnessing or hearing about traumatic events can be overwhelming, and it can be challenging to navigate how to cope with these emotions.

One of the most common effects of secondhand trauma is a change in communication patterns. You may feel like you are not able to express your emotions or thoughts clearly, which can lead to misunderstandings with loved ones. Additionally, you may find yourself avoiding certain topics or situations that trigger your trauma, leading to a lack of intimacy and connection with your partner.

Children can also be affected by secondhand trauma, especially if they witness or hear about traumatic events. They may experience behavioral changes, such as increased anxiety, aggression, or withdrawal. It is essential to provide a safe and supportive environment for children to express their feelings and emotions.

The emotional toll of secondhand trauma can also lead to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, which can further impact personal relationships. It is crucial to seek support from loved ones or a mental health professional to help you navigate these emotions and maintain healthy relationships.

If you are struggling with secondhand trauma, Sabino Recovery can provide you with the resources and support you need to heal and move forward. Our trauma-focused therapy and holistic approach can help you regain control of your life and strengthen your personal relationships.

How does Social Media Contribute to Secondhand Trauma?

Social media is a ubiquitous presence in our daily lives, and it can have a significant impact on our mental health. When it comes to secondhand trauma, social media can be a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can provide a platform for people to share their experiences and raise awareness about traumatic events. On the other hand, it can also expose us to graphic and disturbing content that can trigger feelings of anxiety, fear, and helplessness.

One of the most significant risks of social media is the potential for exposure to secondhand stress. This occurs when we are exposed to the stress of others through social media, news outlets, or other forms of media. The constant barrage of negative news and traumatic events can take a toll on our mental health, leading to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.

It's important to be mindful of the content that you consume on social media and the impact it can have on your mental health. If you find that certain accounts or pages are triggering feelings of stress or anxiety, it may be time to unfollow or limit your exposure to them. Taking breaks from social media altogether can also be helpful in reducing the risk of secondhand trauma.

Professional Challenges and Risks of Secondhand Trauma

As a professional working in a role that involves exposure to trauma, it is essential to understand the potential risks and challenges that come with it. Here are some of the key challenges and risks associated with secondhand trauma:

Vicarious Trauma

Vicarious trauma is a type of trauma that occurs when a person is exposed to the traumatic experiences of others, such as clients, patients, or colleagues. This can lead to symptoms similar to those experienced by individuals who have directly experienced trauma, including flashbacks, nightmares, and anxiety.

Compassion Fatigue

Compassion fatigue is a type of burnout that occurs when a person becomes emotionally exhausted from providing care and support to others. This can lead to feelings of numbness, detachment, and a reduced ability to empathize with others.

Occupational Hazard

Working in a profession that involves exposure to trauma can be an occupational hazard. This can lead to physical and emotional exhaustion, as well as an increased risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Inability to Listen and Empathize

Exposure to trauma can also lead to an inability to listen and empathize with others. This can make it difficult to provide effective care and support to those who are experiencing trauma, and can also lead to feelings of frustration and burnout.

How can you cope with secondhand trauma?

When you are exposed to the trauma of others, it can be challenging to manage the emotional and psychological impact it can have on you. Coping mechanisms and self-care practices can be effective in reducing the symptoms of secondary trauma.

One of the most important things you can do is to take care of yourself. Make sure you are getting enough rest and relaxation, and spending time in nature. Regular exercise can also be helpful in reducing stress and promoting resilience.

Creative expression can also be a powerful tool in coping with secondary trauma. Writing, painting, or other forms of artistic expression can help you process your emotions and find meaning in the work you do.

Another important aspect of self-care is setting boundaries. Make sure you are not taking on more than you can handle, and that you are taking breaks when you need them. It is also essential to have a support system in place, whether it's friends, family, or colleagues who understand the work you do and can offer emotional support when needed.

If you are struggling with secondary trauma, it may be helpful to seek professional help. Therapy can be an effective way to process your emotions and develop coping strategies that work for you.

Regardless of the coping mechanisms you choose, remember that self-care is essential when working with trauma survivors. By taking care of yourself, you can continue to do the important work of helping others.

Treatment and Resources for Secondhand Trauma

If you are experiencing secondhand trauma, it is important to seek professional help. There are various treatment options available to help you cope with the symptoms associated with secondhand trauma. Here are some of the treatment and resources available to you:

Staff care is a program that provides support and resources to staff members who have been exposed to traumatic events. This program helps staff members manage their own emotional and physical well-being, which in turn helps them provide better care to their clients.

Professional training is a program that helps professionals who work with trauma survivors develop the skills they need to provide effective care. This training can help professionals better understand the impact of trauma on individuals and communities, and how to provide appropriate support.

Counseling resources are programs that provide counseling services to individuals who have experienced trauma. These resources can help you manage the symptoms associated with secondhand trauma, such as anxiety, depression, and stress.

Psychological services are programs that provide psychological evaluations and treatment to individuals who have experienced trauma. These services can help you manage the symptoms associated with secondhand trauma, and develop coping skills to help you better manage stress.

The Crisis Text Line is a 24/7 text-based crisis intervention service that provides support to individuals experiencing emotional distress. This service can be helpful if you need immediate support, or if you are unable to access other resources.

Remember, seeking professional help is important if you are experiencing secondhand trauma. There are many resources available to help you manage the symptoms associated with secondhand trauma, so don't hesitate to reach out for help.

How does the American Psychological Association define Secondhand Trauma?

The American Psychological Association (APA) defines secondhand trauma as a response to hearing about the firsthand trauma experiences of others. This trauma can affect individuals who work with or are close to those who have experienced trauma directly. The APA recognizes that this type of trauma can have a significant impact on an individual's mental health and well-being.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) also acknowledges the impact of secondhand trauma, listing it as a potential cause of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals who have not experienced trauma directly. The DSM recognizes that individuals who are repeatedly exposed to traumatic events may experience symptoms of PTSD, including flashbacks, avoidance, and hyperarousal.

The APA provides resources and support for individuals who may be experiencing secondhand trauma, including training programs for mental health professionals and guidelines for self-care. The organization emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing the impact of secondhand trauma to prevent burnout and promote mental health.

Table of Contents

←Table of Contents
Scroll to Top
Skip to content