Common Causes of Depression

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sad man sharing during group session

Depression is a complex mental health disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, but the causes, symptoms, and risk factors can differ between men and women. Understanding these distinctions is important for recognizing the signs and getting the appropriate help. Below, we’ll explore the causes of depression, with attention to how they manifest differently in men and women.

What Are the Symptoms of Depression?

Depression is a serious mood disorder that can affect men and women of all ages. The symptoms of depression can vary, but some of the most common ones include:

  • Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness
  • Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable
  • Changes in appetite or weight
  • Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
  • Fatigue or lack of energy
  • Physical symptoms such as headaches, aches and pains, or bloating
  • Irritability or anger
  • Low self-esteem or feelings of worthlessness
  • Suicidal thoughts or behaviors

It’s important to note that not everyone with depression will experience all of these symptoms, and the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person. Additionally, some may experience symptoms that are unique to their gender, such as breast tenderness or changes in menstrual cycles for women. It’s important to seek professional mental health treatment if you struggle with depression.

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek help from a healthcare professional. Depression is a treatable condition, and there are many effective treatments available.

Common Causes of Depression

While depression can arise from various sources, several common causes affect both men and women. These factors can interact in complex ways, leading to the onset of depressive symptoms.

Depression can be influenced by changes in brain chemistry, particularly involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which regulate mood. Both men and women can experience depression due to imbalances in these chemicals.

A family history of depression significantly raises the risk of developing the disorder. If a parent or sibling has experienced depression, both men and women are more likely to encounter depressive episodes.

Life events like job loss, financial difficulties, or trauma can trigger depression in both men and women. Relationship issues, work-related stress, and grief are additional stressors that increase the risk for both genders.

Depression is commonly associated with chronic illnesses or conditions that cause ongoing physical pain. Long-term health problems can affect mental health by causing emotional strain, limiting daily functioning, and creating feelings of helplessness.

Though the causes of depression in men can overlap with those in women, some unique factors contribute to male depression:

Hormonal Changes: Men can experience depression related to hormonal changes, particularly low testosterone levels, which can occur with aging or due to medical conditions like hypogonadism.

Societal Expectations of Masculinity: Men often face societal pressures to appear strong, stoic, and self-reliant. These expectations may lead them to suppress emotions and avoid seeking help when they experience symptoms of depression. As a result, male depression often goes undiagnosed.

Substance Abuse and Alcohol Use: Men are more likely than women to cope with depression by turning to alcohol or drugs. Substance abuse can alter brain chemistry and worsen depressive symptoms. Additionally, alcohol is a depressant and can exacerbate feelings of sadness or hopelessness.

Women are more likely to experience depression than men, and certain biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to this disparity:

Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormonal changes related to pregnancy, postpartum periods, and menopause can significantly influence a woman’s risk of developing depression. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome, also contributes to depression in some women.

Reproductive-Related Issues: Miscarriage, infertility, and other reproductive challenges can trigger depression in women. The emotional toll of these experiences can lead to feelings of grief, loss, and hopelessness.

Gender-Specific Stressors: Women often face stressors such as societal expectations regarding appearance, motherhood, and career balance. These pressures can contribute to the development of depression.

How Do Relationships Impact Depression in Men and Women?

Relationships have a significant impact on men and women’s mental health, and depression is no exception. Troubled relationships can lead to depression, and depression can make relationships more challenging. People who feel isolated or lack social support are more likely to develop depression, which can further isolate them from their loved ones.

Depression can cause a lack of interest in activities and socializing, leading to further isolation and relationship issues. It can also lead to feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, making it difficult for men or women to maintain healthy relationships.

On the other hand, healthy relationships can provide emotional support and a sense of belonging, which can help prevent and manage depression. Partners, family members, and friends can offer support and encourage individuals to seek professional help when needed.

It’s essential to communicate openly with loved ones about feelings and seek support when necessary. Couples therapy and family therapy can also be beneficial in addressing relationship issues and managing depression.

If you are struggling with depression related to relationship issues, seeking professional help can make a significant difference in your mental health and relationships.

How is Depression Diagnosed?

professional therapist and teenage boy diagnosed with depression

If you suspect that you or a loved one is experiencing depression, it’s important to seek professional help. Depression can be diagnosed by a medical doctor, a psychologist, or a psychiatrist.

To diagnose depression, a healthcare professional will typically conduct a thorough evaluation. They will ask questions about your symptoms, medical history, and family history. They may also perform a physical exam and order blood tests to rule out any underlying medical conditions that could be causing your symptoms.

In some cases, a healthcare professional may use a tool called the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) or the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to help diagnose depression. Another tool that may be used is the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID), which is a diagnostic tool used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health disorders.

In some cases, a healthcare professional may also use a brain imaging technique called single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to help diagnose depression. SPECT can help identify changes in brain activity that are associated with depression.

How Can You Treat Depression?

If you’re experiencing symptoms of depression, it’s important to seek professional help. There are several effective treatments available for depression, including medication and therapy.

Medication: Antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression. They work by balancing the chemicals in your brain that affect mood. Your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant that is right for you based on your symptoms and medical history. It’s important to take your medication as directed and to talk to your doctor if you experience any side effects.

Therapy: Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, is another effective treatment for depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are two types of talk therapy that have been shown to be effective for treating depression. CBT helps you identify negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies, while IPT focuses on improving your relationships and communication skills.

Lifestyle Changes: Making positive lifestyle changes can help manage depression symptoms. Eating a balanced diet can help improve your mood, while sleep routines can help manage fatigue. Making positive lifestyle changes, such as exercising regularly, practicing mindfulness, and spending time in nature, can also help reduce depression symptoms.

Depression and Sexual Health

How does depression affect sexual health? Depression can cause sexual dysfunction, which refers to problems with sexual desire, arousal, or orgasm. Men with depression may experience a decrease in libido, difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, delayed ejaculation, or anorgasmia (inability to achieve orgasm).

Depression can also affect the quality of sexual relationships. Individuals with depression may feel less connected to their partners, have less interest in sex, or experience difficulty communicating about sexual issues. These problems can lead to feelings of shame, guilt, or inadequacy, which can exacerbate depression symptoms.

Treatment for depression can improve sexual health. Antidepressant medications can be effective in treating depression, but they may also cause sexual side effects. Your doctor can work with you to find a medication that minimizes these side effects, or they may recommend other treatments such as therapy or lifestyle changes.

It’s important to talk to your doctor about any sexual problems you’re experiencing. They can help you understand the underlying causes and recommend appropriate treatment options. Remember that sexual dysfunction is a common problem and there is no shame in seeking help.

How Does Depression Affect Self-Perception?

Depression can affect your self-perception, leading to negative thoughts and emotions that can worsen mental health. People may feel shame, guilt, and worthlessness, which can lead to self-isolation and avoidance of social situations. This can further exacerbate depression and lead to a vicious cycle of negative self-talk.

One factor that can contribute to men and women’s negative self-perception is the stigma surrounding mental illness. Individuals, especially men, may feel that admitting to depression is a sign of weakness or failure, which can prevent them from seeking help. Additionally, societal expectations can lead people to believe that they should be strong and self-sufficient, further reinforcing the stigma surrounding mental illness.

Another factor that can contribute to negative self-perception is aggression. Individuals may feel irritable and frustrated due to their depression, which can lead to outbursts of anger. This can cause them to feel guilty and ashamed, further worsening their self-perception.

It is important to recognize that depression is not a sign of weakness and seeking help is a sign of strength. Individuals should be encouraged to seek professional help and support from loved ones to overcome the negative self-perception associated with depression. By doing so, they can improve their mental health and overall well-being.

How Can You Seek Help for Depression?

woman in therapy for depression

If you are experiencing depression, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional. There are several options available, including therapy, counseling, and medication. The type of treatment that is best for you will depend on the severity of your depression and your personal preferences.

If you are unsure where to start, you can speak with your primary care physician or contact a mental health hotline for guidance. Many organizations offer free or low-cost mental health services, and some employers offer employee assistance programs that provide confidential counseling services. Sabino Recovery provides residential mental health treatment in Tucson, Arizona. Call us to learn more about how to join our program.

Remember, seeking help for depression is a sign of strength, not weakness. With the right treatment and support, you can overcome depression and lead a fulfilling life.

Common Causes of Depression

Oct 28, 2024

Depression

Shara Turner, LPC, MSC, NCC, NARM

sad man sharing during group session

Depression is a complex mental health disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, but the causes, symptoms, and risk factors can differ between men and women. Understanding these distinctions is important for recognizing the signs and getting the appropriate help. Below, we’ll explore the causes of depression, with attention to how they manifest differently in men and women.

What Are the Symptoms of Depression?

Depression is a serious mood disorder that can affect men and women of all ages. The symptoms of depression can vary, but some of the most common ones include:

  • Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness

  • Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable

  • Changes in appetite or weight

  • Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much

  • Fatigue or lack of energy

  • Physical symptoms such as headaches, aches and pains, or bloating

  • Irritability or anger

  • Low self-esteem or feelings of worthlessness

  • Suicidal thoughts or behaviors

It’s important to note that not everyone with depression will experience all of these symptoms, and the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person. Additionally, some may experience symptoms that are unique to their gender, such as breast tenderness or changes in menstrual cycles for women. It’s important to seek professional mental health treatment if you struggle with depression.

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek help from a healthcare professional. Depression is a treatable condition, and there are many effective treatments available.

Common Causes of Depression

While depression can arise from various sources, several common causes affect both men and women. These factors can interact in complex ways, leading to the onset of depressive symptoms.

Depression can be influenced by changes in brain chemistry, particularly involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which regulate mood. Both men and women can experience depression due to imbalances in these chemicals.

A family history of depression significantly raises the risk of developing the disorder. If a parent or sibling has experienced depression, both men and women are more likely to encounter depressive episodes.

Life events like job loss, financial difficulties, or trauma can trigger depression in both men and women. Relationship issues, work-related stress, and grief are additional stressors that increase the risk for both genders.

Depression is commonly associated with chronic illnesses or conditions that cause ongoing physical pain. Long-term health problems can affect mental health by causing emotional strain, limiting daily functioning, and creating feelings of helplessness.

Though the causes of depression in men can overlap with those in women, some unique factors contribute to male depression:

Hormonal Changes: Men can experience depression related to hormonal changes, particularly low testosterone levels, which can occur with aging or due to medical conditions like hypogonadism.

Societal Expectations of Masculinity: Men often face societal pressures to appear strong, stoic, and self-reliant. These expectations may lead them to suppress emotions and avoid seeking help when they experience symptoms of depression. As a result, male depression often goes undiagnosed.

Substance Abuse and Alcohol Use: Men are more likely than women to cope with depression by turning to alcohol or drugs. Substance abuse can alter brain chemistry and worsen depressive symptoms. Additionally, alcohol is a depressant and can exacerbate feelings of sadness or hopelessness.

Women are more likely to experience depression than men, and certain biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to this disparity:

Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormonal changes related to pregnancy, postpartum periods, and menopause can significantly influence a woman’s risk of developing depression. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome, also contributes to depression in some women.

Reproductive-Related Issues: Miscarriage, infertility, and other reproductive challenges can trigger depression in women. The emotional toll of these experiences can lead to feelings of grief, loss, and hopelessness.

Gender-Specific Stressors: Women often face stressors such as societal expectations regarding appearance, motherhood, and career balance. These pressures can contribute to the development of depression.

How Do Relationships Impact Depression in Men and Women?

Relationships have a significant impact on men and women’s mental health, and depression is no exception. Troubled relationships can lead to depression, and depression can make relationships more challenging. People who feel isolated or lack social support are more likely to develop depression, which can further isolate them from their loved ones.

Depression can cause a lack of interest in activities and socializing, leading to further isolation and relationship issues. It can also lead to feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, making it difficult for men or women to maintain healthy relationships.

On the other hand, healthy relationships can provide emotional support and a sense of belonging, which can help prevent and manage depression. Partners, family members, and friends can offer support and encourage individuals to seek professional help when needed.

It’s essential to communicate openly with loved ones about feelings and seek support when necessary. Couples therapy and family therapy can also be beneficial in addressing relationship issues and managing depression.

If you are struggling with depression related to relationship issues, seeking professional help can make a significant difference in your mental health and relationships.

How is Depression Diagnosed?

professional therapist and teenage boy diagnosed with depression

If you suspect that you or a loved one is experiencing depression, it’s important to seek professional help. Depression can be diagnosed by a medical doctor, a psychologist, or a psychiatrist.

To diagnose depression, a healthcare professional will typically conduct a thorough evaluation. They will ask questions about your symptoms, medical history, and family history. They may also perform a physical exam and order blood tests to rule out any underlying medical conditions that could be causing your symptoms.

In some cases, a healthcare professional may use a tool called the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) or the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to help diagnose depression. Another tool that may be used is the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID), which is a diagnostic tool used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health disorders.

In some cases, a healthcare professional may also use a brain imaging technique called single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to help diagnose depression. SPECT can help identify changes in brain activity that are associated with depression.

How Can You Treat Depression?

If you’re experiencing symptoms of depression, it’s important to seek professional help. There are several effective treatments available for depression, including medication and therapy.

Medication: Antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression. They work by balancing the chemicals in your brain that affect mood. Your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant that is right for you based on your symptoms and medical history. It’s important to take your medication as directed and to talk to your doctor if you experience any side effects.

Therapy: Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, is another effective treatment for depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are two types of talk therapy that have been shown to be effective for treating depression. CBT helps you identify negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies, while IPT focuses on improving your relationships and communication skills.

Lifestyle Changes: Making positive lifestyle changes can help manage depression symptoms. Eating a balanced diet can help improve your mood, while sleep routines can help manage fatigue. Making positive lifestyle changes, such as exercising regularly, practicing mindfulness, and spending time in nature, can also help reduce depression symptoms.

Depression and Sexual Health

How does depression affect sexual health? Depression can cause sexual dysfunction, which refers to problems with sexual desire, arousal, or orgasm. Men with depression may experience a decrease in libido, difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, delayed ejaculation, or anorgasmia (inability to achieve orgasm).

Depression can also affect the quality of sexual relationships. Individuals with depression may feel less connected to their partners, have less interest in sex, or experience difficulty communicating about sexual issues. These problems can lead to feelings of shame, guilt, or inadequacy, which can exacerbate depression symptoms.

Treatment for depression can improve sexual health. Antidepressant medications can be effective in treating depression, but they may also cause sexual side effects. Your doctor can work with you to find a medication that minimizes these side effects, or they may recommend other treatments such as therapy or lifestyle changes.

It’s important to talk to your doctor about any sexual problems you’re experiencing. They can help you understand the underlying causes and recommend appropriate treatment options. Remember that sexual dysfunction is a common problem and there is no shame in seeking help.

How Does Depression Affect Self-Perception?

Depression can affect your self-perception, leading to negative thoughts and emotions that can worsen mental health. People may feel shame, guilt, and worthlessness, which can lead to self-isolation and avoidance of social situations. This can further exacerbate depression and lead to a vicious cycle of negative self-talk.

One factor that can contribute to men and women’s negative self-perception is the stigma surrounding mental illness. Individuals, especially men, may feel that admitting to depression is a sign of weakness or failure, which can prevent them from seeking help. Additionally, societal expectations can lead people to believe that they should be strong and self-sufficient, further reinforcing the stigma surrounding mental illness.

Another factor that can contribute to negative self-perception is aggression. Individuals may feel irritable and frustrated due to their depression, which can lead to outbursts of anger. This can cause them to feel guilty and ashamed, further worsening their self-perception.

It is important to recognize that depression is not a sign of weakness and seeking help is a sign of strength. Individuals should be encouraged to seek professional help and support from loved ones to overcome the negative self-perception associated with depression. By doing so, they can improve their mental health and overall well-being.

How Can You Seek Help for Depression?

woman in therapy for depression

If you are experiencing depression, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional. There are several options available, including therapy, counseling, and medication. The type of treatment that is best for you will depend on the severity of your depression and your personal preferences.

If you are unsure where to start, you can speak with your primary care physician or contact a mental health hotline for guidance. Many organizations offer free or low-cost mental health services, and some employers offer employee assistance programs that provide confidential counseling services. Sabino Recovery provides residential mental health treatment in Tucson, Arizona. Call us to learn more about how to join our program.

Remember, seeking help for depression is a sign of strength, not weakness. With the right treatment and support, you can overcome depression and lead a fulfilling life.

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