How Common is PTSD And CPTSD?

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) are mental health conditions that can arise after experiencing trauma, with PTSD being relatively common and CPTSD occurring after prolonged exposure to trauma. While anyone can develop these disorders, certain populations, such as trauma survivors, veterans, and individuals exposed to ongoing violence, are at higher risk. At Sabino Recovery, we offer specialized mental health treatment tailored to address the unique challenges of PTSD and CPTSD, helping individuals heal and regain control of their lives. Understanding the prevalence of these disorders is crucial for seeking appropriate care.

What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Traumatic events can include but are not limited to, natural disasters, car accidents, sexual assault, combat, and physical violence. PTSD is a serious condition that can affect a person’s daily life, relationships, and ability to function normally.

PTSD is characterized by four main types of symptoms: re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal, and negative thoughts and feelings. Re-experiencing symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, and intrusive thoughts about the traumatic event. Avoidance symptoms involve avoiding places, people, or things that remind the person of the event. Arousal symptoms include feeling irritable, easily startled, and having difficulty sleeping. Negative thoughts and feelings include feelings of guilt, shame, and depression.

PTSD is diagnosed using the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). To be diagnosed with PTSD, a person must have experienced a traumatic event and exhibit symptoms from each of the four symptom categories. The intensity and duration of symptoms can vary from person to person.

What is Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD)?

man comforting sad woman

Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing chronic or repeated trauma. Unlike Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is caused by a single traumatic event, CPTSD arises from long-term exposure to traumatic events, such as childhood abuse, domestic violence, or ongoing warzone exposure.

CPTSD is not yet recognized as a separate diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, some mental health professionals recognize it as a distinct condition that requires specialized treatment.

The symptoms of CPTSD are similar to those of PTSD, but they also include difficulties with emotional regulation, interpersonal relationships, and self-identity. Some common symptoms of CPTSD include:

  • Anxiety and depression
  • Flashbacks and nightmares
  • Avoidance of people, places, and things that are reminders of the traumatic event
  • Difficulty trusting others and forming close relationships
  • Feeling disconnected from one’s body, emotions, and sense of self
  • Hypervigilance and exaggerated startle response
  • Chronic feelings of shame, guilt, and worthlessness

Prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD

PTSD is a relatively common condition, with a lifetime prevalence of 4% globally, though rates can rise to as high as 15-20% in conflict-affected regions. Veterans, particularly those who served in combat, experience higher rates, with a lifetime prevalence of 30.9%. Trauma survivors have an estimated PTSD prevalence of 10%, and sexual assault victims face the highest rates, with around 50% developing the disorder. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), a newer term for symptoms after prolonged trauma, is recognized in the ICD-11 but not as a separate diagnosis by the WHO.

Both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) are mental health conditions triggered by trauma. While anyone can develop these disorders, certain factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing them.

Causes and Risk Factors for Developing PTSD and CPTSD

Both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) are mental health conditions triggered by trauma. While anyone can develop these disorders, certain factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing them.

Causes of PTSD

PTSD is most commonly caused by exposure to traumatic events. These can include:

  • Combat experiences
  • Accidents or natural disasters
  • Physical or sexual abuse
  • Life-threatening situations

The severity and nature of the trauma play a significant role in determining whether an individual develops PTSD. Repeated or prolonged exposure to trauma, such as in the case of first responders or military personnel, increases the risk. However, not everyone exposed to trauma will develop PTSD. Other personal and environmental factors can further influence the likelihood.

Risk Factors for PTSD

Personal Factors: Women are more likely than men to develop PTSD, and some research shows that certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans and Latinos, may be at higher risk due to cultural or environmental stressors. Additionally, individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression, are more vulnerable.

Lack of Social Support: Individuals without strong support networks are more likely to feel isolated and struggle to process their trauma, increasing the risk of developing PTSD.

Repeated Trauma Exposure: People in certain professions, like healthcare workers or first responders, often face repeated traumatic events, heightening their risk of PTSD. Likewise, individuals living in violent or conflict-prone environments are more susceptible.

Causes of CPTSD

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) develops from prolonged or repeated trauma, often occurring during formative periods such as childhood. The causes of CPTSD differ slightly from PTSD due to the extended nature of the trauma. Common causes of CPTSD include:

  • Childhood trauma, such as prolonged abuse or neglect
  • Domestic violence, where individuals endure ongoing emotional or physical harm
  • Sexual abuse, especially when experienced at a young age or over a long period
  • War, torture, or captivity, where victims face repeated trauma with little to no relief
  • Human trafficking or slavery, where individuals endure constant exploitation and abuse
  • Community violence, such as gang violence or mass shootings

The defining factor for CPTSD is the long-term, repeated nature of the trauma, which can lead to more severe symptoms like emotional dysregulation, dissociation, and hypervigilance.

Understanding the Risk

Not everyone exposed to trauma will develop PTSD or CPTSD. However, understanding the factors that increase vulnerability—such as personal history, lack of support, and the nature of the trauma—can help individuals seek help when needed. For those who do develop symptoms, early intervention and professional PTSD treatment can make a significant difference in managing the disorder and improving quality of life.

Who is Most Likely to Develop PTSD and CPTSD?

Certain groups of people are more likely to develop PTSD or CPTSD due to their unique life experiences and vulnerabilities.

Refugees: Refugees are at particularly high risk, often experiencing multiple traumatic events such as war, violence, and displacement. Studies estimate that between 30% to 60% of refugees may develop CPTSD, depending on the intensity and frequency of trauma they have endured.

Children: Children who have faced abuse or neglect are also vulnerable. The long-term effects of childhood trauma, such as difficulties with emotional regulation and forming relationships, put them at an estimated 25% risk of developing CPTSD.

Marginalized Groups: Individuals facing identity issues, such as those who have experienced discrimination or marginalization, may be more likely to develop PTSD or CPTSD. Struggles with self-worth, confusion, and feelings of shame contribute to this vulnerability.

People with Low Self-Esteem: People with a weak sense of self are also at greater risk. These individuals often experience feelings of emptiness, lack of purpose, and disconnection, which makes them more susceptible to developing CPTSD following trauma.

Abandoned Individuals: Those who have experienced abandonment, such as children in foster care or individuals who have lost a parent, may also be at a higher risk. Feelings of rejection and fear of future abandonment can lead to difficulties in forming relationships and increase the likelihood of developing PTSD.

These groups highlight the diverse range of individuals who may face the unique challenges of PTSD and CPTSD due to their life experiences.d for any potential side effects.

Treatment for PTSD and CPTSD

We treat both PTSD and CPTSD in our residential mental health program. Treatment usually requires a combination of psychotherapies. Medication can also help manage symptoms of PTSD.

Sabino Recovery’s Psychotherapy Approaches for PTSD and CPTSD

At Sabino Recovery, psychotherapy is a cornerstone of treatment for both PTSD and CPTSD. Our approach involves working closely with experienced therapists to address the emotional and psychological effects of trauma. Some common therapies we use include:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This therapy helps you recognize and change negative thoughts and behaviors that stem from trauma. It also equips you with coping strategies to manage symptoms effectively.
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): DBT emphasizes mindfulness, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills to help individuals manage distressing emotions and improve relationships. 
  • Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE): In PE, you are gradually exposed to trauma-related memories or situations, helping reduce the fear and anxiety associated with them over time.

Medication Options

While psychotherapy is the primary treatment at Sabino Recovery, medications can also help manage certain PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, or sleep problems. These medications are typically used in combination with therapy:

  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): These antidepressants help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
  • Prazosin: Commonly used to address nightmares and sleep disturbances linked to trauma.
  • Antipsychotics: In cases where symptoms like dissociation or paranoia are severe, antipsychotic medications may be helpful.

Medication is carefully prescribed and monitored by our mental health professionals to ensure safe and effective treatment as part of a comprehensive recovery plan.

a group of patients with attending therapy

Get Help at Sabino Recovery!

If you’re living in Arizona and struggling with PTSD or CPTSD, getting professional help is crucial for healing and reclaiming your life. These conditions can deeply impact your mental and emotional well-being, but with the right support, recovery is possible. At Sabino Recovery, we offer compassionate, evidence-based treatment in a peaceful, restorative environment. Our expert team tailors therapies to address the unique challenges of trauma, helping you navigate the path toward healing. Whether through psychotherapy, holistic therapies, or a combination of treatments, Sabino Recovery provides the care and support you need to overcome PTSD or CPTSD.

How Common is PTSD And CPTSD?

Jun 17, 2023

Mental Health

Shara Turner, LPC, MSC, NCC, NARM

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) are mental health conditions that can arise after experiencing trauma, with PTSD being relatively common and CPTSD occurring after prolonged exposure to trauma. While anyone can develop these disorders, certain populations, such as trauma survivors, veterans, and individuals exposed to ongoing violence, are at higher risk. At Sabino Recovery, we offer specialized mental health treatment tailored to address the unique challenges of PTSD and CPTSD, helping individuals heal and regain control of their lives. Understanding the prevalence of these disorders is crucial for seeking appropriate care.

What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Traumatic events can include but are not limited to, natural disasters, car accidents, sexual assault, combat, and physical violence. PTSD is a serious condition that can affect a person’s daily life, relationships, and ability to function normally.

PTSD is characterized by four main types of symptoms: re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal, and negative thoughts and feelings. Re-experiencing symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, and intrusive thoughts about the traumatic event. Avoidance symptoms involve avoiding places, people, or things that remind the person of the event. Arousal symptoms include feeling irritable, easily startled, and having difficulty sleeping. Negative thoughts and feelings include feelings of guilt, shame, and depression.

PTSD is diagnosed using the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). To be diagnosed with PTSD, a person must have experienced a traumatic event and exhibit symptoms from each of the four symptom categories. The intensity and duration of symptoms can vary from person to person.

What is Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD)?

man comforting sad woman

Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing chronic or repeated trauma. Unlike Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is caused by a single traumatic event, CPTSD arises from long-term exposure to traumatic events, such as childhood abuse, domestic violence, or ongoing warzone exposure.

CPTSD is not yet recognized as a separate diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, some mental health professionals recognize it as a distinct condition that requires specialized treatment.

The symptoms of CPTSD are similar to those of PTSD, but they also include difficulties with emotional regulation, interpersonal relationships, and self-identity. Some common symptoms of CPTSD include:

  • Anxiety and depression

  • Flashbacks and nightmares

  • Avoidance of people, places, and things that are reminders of the traumatic event

  • Difficulty trusting others and forming close relationships

  • Feeling disconnected from one’s body, emotions, and sense of self

  • Hypervigilance and exaggerated startle response

  • Chronic feelings of shame, guilt, and worthlessness

Prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD

PTSD is a relatively common condition, with a lifetime prevalence of 4% globally, though rates can rise to as high as 15-20% in conflict-affected regions. Veterans, particularly those who served in combat, experience higher rates, with a lifetime prevalence of 30.9%. Trauma survivors have an estimated PTSD prevalence of 10%, and sexual assault victims face the highest rates, with around 50% developing the disorder. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), a newer term for symptoms after prolonged trauma, is recognized in the ICD-11 but not as a separate diagnosis by the WHO.

Both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) are mental health conditions triggered by trauma. While anyone can develop these disorders, certain factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing them.

Causes and Risk Factors for Developing PTSD and CPTSD

Both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) are mental health conditions triggered by trauma. While anyone can develop these disorders, certain factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing them.

Causes of PTSD

PTSD is most commonly caused by exposure to traumatic events. These can include:

  • Combat experiences

  • Accidents or natural disasters

  • Physical or sexual abuse

  • Life-threatening situations

The severity and nature of the trauma play a significant role in determining whether an individual develops PTSD. Repeated or prolonged exposure to trauma, such as in the case of first responders or military personnel, increases the risk. However, not everyone exposed to trauma will develop PTSD. Other personal and environmental factors can further influence the likelihood.

Risk Factors for PTSD

Personal Factors: Women are more likely than men to develop PTSD, and some research shows that certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans and Latinos, may be at higher risk due to cultural or environmental stressors. Additionally, individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression, are more vulnerable.

Lack of Social Support: Individuals without strong support networks are more likely to feel isolated and struggle to process their trauma, increasing the risk of developing PTSD.

Repeated Trauma Exposure: People in certain professions, like healthcare workers or first responders, often face repeated traumatic events, heightening their risk of PTSD. Likewise, individuals living in violent or conflict-prone environments are more susceptible.

Causes of CPTSD

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) develops from prolonged or repeated trauma, often occurring during formative periods such as childhood. The causes of CPTSD differ slightly from PTSD due to the extended nature of the trauma. Common causes of CPTSD include:

  • Childhood trauma, such as prolonged abuse or neglect

  • Domestic violence, where individuals endure ongoing emotional or physical harm

  • Sexual abuse, especially when experienced at a young age or over a long period

  • War, torture, or captivity, where victims face repeated trauma with little to no relief

  • Human trafficking or slavery, where individuals endure constant exploitation and abuse

  • Community violence, such as gang violence or mass shootings

The defining factor for CPTSD is the long-term, repeated nature of the trauma, which can lead to more severe symptoms like emotional dysregulation, dissociation, and hypervigilance.

Understanding the Risk

Not everyone exposed to trauma will develop PTSD or CPTSD. However, understanding the factors that increase vulnerability—such as personal history, lack of support, and the nature of the trauma—can help individuals seek help when needed. For those who do develop symptoms, early intervention and professional PTSD treatment can make a significant difference in managing the disorder and improving quality of life.

Who is Most Likely to Develop PTSD and CPTSD?

Certain groups of people are more likely to develop PTSD or CPTSD due to their unique life experiences and vulnerabilities.

Refugees: Refugees are at particularly high risk, often experiencing multiple traumatic events such as war, violence, and displacement. Studies estimate that between 30% to 60% of refugees may develop CPTSD, depending on the intensity and frequency of trauma they have endured.

Children: Children who have faced abuse or neglect are also vulnerable. The long-term effects of childhood trauma, such as difficulties with emotional regulation and forming relationships, put them at an estimated 25% risk of developing CPTSD.

Marginalized Groups: Individuals facing identity issues, such as those who have experienced discrimination or marginalization, may be more likely to develop PTSD or CPTSD. Struggles with self-worth, confusion, and feelings of shame contribute to this vulnerability.

People with Low Self-Esteem: People with a weak sense of self are also at greater risk. These individuals often experience feelings of emptiness, lack of purpose, and disconnection, which makes them more susceptible to developing CPTSD following trauma.

Abandoned Individuals: Those who have experienced abandonment, such as children in foster care or individuals who have lost a parent, may also be at a higher risk. Feelings of rejection and fear of future abandonment can lead to difficulties in forming relationships and increase the likelihood of developing PTSD.

These groups highlight the diverse range of individuals who may face the unique challenges of PTSD and CPTSD due to their life experiences.d for any potential side effects.

Treatment for PTSD and CPTSD

We treat both PTSD and CPTSD in our residential mental health program. Treatment usually requires a combination of psychotherapies. Medication can also help manage symptoms of PTSD.

Sabino Recovery’s Psychotherapy Approaches for PTSD and CPTSD

At Sabino Recovery, psychotherapy is a cornerstone of treatment for both PTSD and CPTSD. Our approach involves working closely with experienced therapists to address the emotional and psychological effects of trauma. Some common therapies we use include:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This therapy helps you recognize and change negative thoughts and behaviors that stem from trauma. It also equips you with coping strategies to manage symptoms effectively.

  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): DBT emphasizes mindfulness, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills to help individuals manage distressing emotions and improve relationships. 

  • Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE): In PE, you are gradually exposed to trauma-related memories or situations, helping reduce the fear and anxiety associated with them over time.

Medication Options

While psychotherapy is the primary treatment at Sabino Recovery, medications can also help manage certain PTSD and CPTSD symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, or sleep problems. These medications are typically used in combination with therapy:

  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): These antidepressants help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.

  • Prazosin: Commonly used to address nightmares and sleep disturbances linked to trauma.

  • Antipsychotics: In cases where symptoms like dissociation or paranoia are severe, antipsychotic medications may be helpful.

Medication is carefully prescribed and monitored by our mental health professionals to ensure safe and effective treatment as part of a comprehensive recovery plan.

a group of patients with attending therapy

Get Help at Sabino Recovery!

If you’re living in Arizona and struggling with PTSD or CPTSD, getting professional help is crucial for healing and reclaiming your life. These conditions can deeply impact your mental and emotional well-being, but with the right support, recovery is possible. At Sabino Recovery, we offer compassionate, evidence-based treatment in a peaceful, restorative environment. Our expert team tailors therapies to address the unique challenges of trauma, helping you navigate the path toward healing. Whether through psychotherapy, holistic therapies, or a combination of treatments, Sabino Recovery provides the care and support you need to overcome PTSD or CPTSD.

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